When used in a storage enclosure such as the SC847, how many HDDs can this part power safely? For Example: Most enterprise HDDs have a peak pull of about 1.0 amp on the +5V rail during read/write. Can this part shift some +12V power over to the +5V rail when needed to supply say 45 amps on the +5V rail?
It is depended on HDD middle plan design and power supply distribution board (PDB). Ususally, 5V VRM is built on PDB. Different PDB has different maximum 5V current which are used for HDD and system.
It is better to have whole system configuration, chassis information, then we can help you to get power budget to figure out how many HDD can be used (HDD type also affects the quantity number).
HDD middle plan may have slow start or different spin order of HDD which lower start up surge current.